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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク The cGAS – STING cytosolic DNA sensing pathway ： ウィキペディア英語版 The cGAS – STING cytosolic DNA sensing pathway The cGAS – STING pathway is a component of the innate immune system that functions to detect the presence of cytosolic DNA and, in response, trigger expression of inflammatory genes. DNA is normally found in the nucleus of the cell. Localization of DNA to the cytosol is associated with tumorigenesis or viral infection. The cGAS – STING pathway acts to detect cytosolic DNA and induce an immune response. Upon binding DNA, the protein cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase (cGAS) triggers dimerization of AMP and GMP to form cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP). cGAMP binds to Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) which triggers phosphorylation of IRF3 via TBK1. IRF3 can then go to the nucleus to trigger transcription of inflammatory genes. This pathway plays a critical role in mediating immune defense against double-stranded DNA viruses. The innate immune system relies on germline encoded pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to recognize distinct PAMPs. Upon recognition of a PAMP, PRRs generate signal cascades leading to transcription of genes associated with the immune response. Because all pathogens utilize nucleic acid to propagate, DNA and RNA can be recognized by PRRs to trigger immune activation. In normal cells, nucleic acid is confined to the nucleus or mitochondria. The presence of nucleic acid in the cytosol is indicative of cellular damage or infection and leads to activation genes associated with the immune response. One way cytosolic nucleic acid is sensed is via the cGAS/STING pathway. Cytosolic DNA is recognized by cyclic-GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS). Upon DNA recognition cGAS dimerizes and stimulates the formation of cyclic-GMP-AMP (cGAMP). cGAMP then binds directly to stimulator of interferon genes (STING) which triggers phosphorylation/activation of the transcription factor IRF3 via TBK1. IRF3 is able to enter the nucleus to promote transcription of inflammatory genes, such as IFN-β. ==Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「The cGAS – STING cytosolic DNA sensing pathway」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.